Real Estate Glossary

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partial payment
A payment that is not sufficient to cover the scheduled monthly payment on a mortgage loan.

payment change date
The date when a new monthly payment amount takes effect on an adjustable-rate mortgage
(ARM) or a graduated-payment adjustable-rate mortgage (GPARM). Generally, the payment
change date occurs in the month immediately after the adjustment date.

periodic payment cap
For an adjustable-rate mortgage (ARM), a limit on the amount that payments can increase or
decrease during any one adjustment period. See cap.

periodic rate cap
For an adjustable-rate mortgage (ARM), a limit on the amount that the interest rate can increase
or decrease during any one adjustment period, regardless of how high or low the index might be.
See cap.

personal property
Any property that is not real property.

PITI
See principal, interest, taxes, and insurance (PITI).

PITI reserves
A cash amount that a borrower must have on hand after making a down payment and paying
all closing costs for the purchase of a home. The principal, interest, taxes, and insurance (PITI)
reserves must equal the amount that the borrower would have to pay for PITI for a predefined
number of months.

planned unit development
See PUD.

point
A one-time charge by the lender for originating a loan. A point is 1 percent of the amount of the
mortgage.

power of attorney
A legal document that authorizes another person to act on one’s behalf. A power of attorney
can grant complete authority or can be limited to certain acts and/or certain periods of time.

prearranged refinancing agreement
A formal or informal arrangement between a lender and a borrower wherein the lender agrees
to offer special terms (such as a reduction in the costs) for a future refinancing of a mortgage
being originated as an inducement for the borrower to enter into the original mortgage transaction.

preforeclosure sale
A procedure in which the investor allows a mortgagor to avoid foreclosure by selling the
property for less than the amount that is owed to the investor.

prepayment
Any amount paid to reduce the principal balance of a loan before the due date. Payment in
full on a mortgage that may result from a sale of the property, the owner's decision to pay
off the loan in full, or a foreclosure. In each case, prepayment means payment occurs before
the loan has been fully amortized.

prepayment penalty
A fee that may be charged to a borrower who pays off a loan before it is due.

pre-qualification
The process of determining how much money a prospective home buyer will be eligible to
borrow before he or she applies for a loan.

prime rate
The interest rate that banks charge to their preferred customers. Changes in the prime rate
influence changes in other rates, including mortgage interest rates.

principal
The amount borrowed or remaining unpaid. The part of the monthly payment that reduces
the remaining balance of a mortgage.

principal balance
The outstanding balance of principal on a mortgage. The principal balance does not include
interest or any other charges. See remaining balance.

principal, interest, taxes, and insurance (PITI)
The four components of a monthly mortgage payment. Principal refers to the part of the
monthly payment that reduces the remaining balance of the mortgage. Interest is the fee
charged for borrowing money. Taxes and insurance refer to the amounts that are paid into
an escrow account each month for property taxes and mortgage and hazard insurance.

private mortgage insurance (MI)
Mortgage insurance that is provided by a private mortgage insurance company to protect
lenders against loss if a borrower defaults. Most lenders generally require MI for a loan
with a loan-to-value (LTV) percentage in excess of 80 percent.

promissory note
A written promise to repay a specified amount over a specified period of time.

public auction
A meeting in an announced public location to sell property to repay a mortgage that is in default.

PUD - Planned Unit Development
A project or subdivision that includes common property that is owned and maintained by
a homeowners' association for the benefit and use of the individual PUD unit owners.

purchase and sale agreement
A written contract signed by the buyer and seller stating the terms and conditions under
which a property will be sold.

purchase money transaction
The acquisition of property through the payment of money or its equivalent.